Publications

2013

Mulwa, E. C. (2013). A Review of Students’ Understanding of Mathematical Concepts of Arithmetic Operations in Eldoret Municipality, Kenya; Submitted for publication in Research Journal in Organizational Psychology and Educational Studies.

Okubasu, D. M. (2013). The Right to Access Water in Rural Communities in South Africa. In University of Venda, University of Virginia Joint International Inter disciplinary Symposium on Sustainable Water Access in Sub-Saharan Africa. presented at the 9 December 2013, University of Venda South Africa.

Yego, F., D. E. B. S. W. N. C. J. J. (2013). Risk factors associated with maternal mortality in a tertiary hospital in Kenya.

Korir, D. K., & Laigong, B. C. (2013). The role of Age in Attitude Formation towardscGender Role Stereotypes among Secondary school Students, A case of Bomet District,Kenya.. Journal of Emerging Trends in Education Research and Policy Studies. (JETERAPS), 5(1), 76-80.

Mulwa, E. C. (2013). The Role of the Language of Mathematics in Students’ Understanding of Number Concepts in Eldoret Municipality, Kenya. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science.

Lugulu, J. (2013). Role of the Sponsor in Public Secondary School Administration and Management in Kenya: A Case Study of Kakamega County, Kenya. Journal of African Studies in Educational Management and Leadership, 2, 54–62.

Omare, S., Kiyiapi, L., & Kamaara, E. (2013). The role of women in the conservation of the Kakamega forest, Kenya: A feminist perspective. Theologies and cultures, 10, 102–131.

Mbitha, A. B. (2013). ROLES OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN HOTELS WITHIN MOMBASA – KENYA. In . presented at the June, Kigali, Rwanda.

and Kosgei, RJ, S. S. C. G. M. T. A. B. K. J. J. S. E. J. C. P. M. N. A. J. R. D. P. (2013). Screening for tuberculosis in pregnancy: do we need more than a symptom screen? Experience from western Kenya.

Manono, G., Rotich, D., & others,. (2013). Seasonality effects on Trends of Domestic and International Tourism: A case of Nairobi National Park, Kenya.‘. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3, 131–139. International Institute for Science, Technology & Education (IISTE).

Obura, M., & Agumba, N. (2013). Secondary Breakthrough. History and Government Form 4. Nairobi: Moran Publishers.

Godia, P. M., Olenja, J. M., Lavussa, J. A., Quinney, D., Hofman, J. J., & Broek, N. (2013). Sexual reproductive health service provision to young people in Kenya; health service providers' experiences. BMC Health Serv Res, 13. Website

Nebert, M. K., David, S. C., Gloria, T. J., & Irene, C. J. (2013). Shoe Shine Entrepreneurs Social Responsibility Practices on Loyalty in Eldoret Town, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Management, 8, 49. Canadian Center of Science and Education.

Odera, E. B., Kwoba, C., Stone, G., Some, F. F., & Vreeman, R. C. (2013). Sickle Cell Disease and HIV: A Case Highlighting Management Challenges for Children in a Resource-Limited Setting. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 20, 1–4.

Skovdal, M., Mushati, P., Robertson, L., Munyati, S., Sherr, L., Nyamukapa, C., & Gregson, S. (2013). Social acceptability and perceived impact of a community-led cash transfer programme in Zimbabwe. BMC Public Health, 13. Website

Kipsang, S. (2013). The Social Sciences and Humanities in Africa: Which Way Forward?. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3, 66. Citeseer.

S.M., M. (2013). Socio-cultural and economic factors influencing women involvement in the production and supply of cultural tourism products: A case of Katangi women basket weavers in Yatta-Machakos, Kenya . Tourism Management.

Masila, P. M., Wishitemi, B. E. L., Ipara, H., Kiage, E. O., Kimanzi, J., & Schulz, R. N. (2013). Socio-economic link between poverty, environment and tourism around protected areas: A case study of communities adjacent to Ruma National Park, Kenya. African Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 1, 1-13. presented at the 01.

Behncke, H., & Nyamwala, F. O. (2013). Spectral theory of higher order difference operators. Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, 19, 1983–2028. Taylor & Francis.

Nyaoro, C. D. (2013). Steerage, slavery, and shipboard insurrections. The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK.

Obuchi, S. M. (2013). Strategic Speech Acts in the Discourse of Bargaining. Baraton Interdisciplinary Research Journal. Baraton University Press.

Mandalazi, P., Banda, C., & Umar, E. (2013). Street children's vulnerability to HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Malawian cities. Malawi Med J, 20.

Mandalazi, P., Banda, C., & Umar, E. (2013). Street children's vulnerability to HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Malawian cities. Malawi Med J, 25.

Kumar, A., Namango, S. S., & Kiriamiti, H. K. (2013). Study of Croton megalocarpus oil as a potential biodiesel feedstock for Kenya, its characterization and transesterification to produce fatty acid methyl ester. Moi University.

Kinyanjui, D. W. C., & Atwoli, L. (2013). {Substance use among inmates at the Eldoret prison in Western Kenya}. BMC Psychiatry, 13. Abstract

Background: Criminal activity and social problems are recognized as important outcomes of substance use and abuse. Little research has been carried out on substance use among prison inmates in Kenya. General population surveys that have examined drug use usually omit this 'hidden' population which may offer insight into drug related morbidity and invaluable preventive measures. This study is set out to determine the lifetime prevalence and factors associated with substance use, including the most frequently used substances, among inmates at a government prison in Western Kenya.Methods: Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study, using the WHO model questionnaire and an additional drug use and effects questionnaire among prisoners at the Eldoret Government of Kenya (GK) prison, Kenya.Setting: Study was carried out at the Eldoret G.K. prison, with a population of 1325 (1200 males and 125 females) inmates.Subjects: Three hundred and ninety five prisoners, who gave consent, were selected, consisting of 271 males (68.6{%}) selected by simple random sampling, and 124 females (31.4{%}) enrolled consecutively due to their small number. The mean age was 33.3 years (18-72, s.d. 9.8) while the mean number of years of formal education was 8.4 (0-15, s.d. 3.4).Results: Lifetime prevalence of substance use was 66.1{%}, while that of alcohol use was 65.1{%}. Both were significantly associated with male gender, urban residence and higher level of education. The lifetime prevalence of cigarette use was 32.7{%} while 22.5{%} admitted to chewing tobacco. Factors significantly associated with tobacco use were male gender, urban residence, being unmarried, younger age, lack of income in the past year. The prevalence of cannabis use was 21{%}, and this was associated with male gender, urban residence, being unmarried, and being a student in the past year. Other substances used included amphetamines (9.4{%}), volatile inhalants (9.1{%}), sedatives (3.8{%}), tranquillizers (2.3{%}), cocaine (2.3{%}), and heroine (1.3{%}). Users were commonly introduced to the habit by friends (70.8{%}), immediate family members (13.7{%}) and other close relatives (6.2{%}). Among those who reported lifetime substance use the common reasons attributed to the habit were the need to relax (26.5{%}), relieve stress (24.5{%}) and confidence to commit a crime (4.5{%}). Majority of those who reported alcohol use were already suffering ill effects.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of substance use among prisoners at the Eldoret G.K. prison. The increased morbidity and unpleasant psychosocial consequences of this habit suggest a need for establishment of substance use management programmes in Kenyan prisons. © 2013 Kinyanjui and Atwoli; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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