Publications

This paper is a report of a study carried out in 2017 in Public Primary Teachers,’ Colleges (PTCs) in Kenya, Rift Valley Region. The study sought to establish the attitudes of tutors on ICT integration in teaching Kiswahili in PTCs and was guided by Social Cultural Theory (SCT). The inquiry employed sequential mixed methods design and pragmatic philosophical paradigm. Purposive sampling was used to select five PTCs, 36 tutors, all second year student teachers, five Deans of Curriculum and Director e-Learning at the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD); stratified random sampling was used to get 232 student teachers from the colleges. Data was collected using questionnaire, structured observation and interview schedule. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively, presented using tables and bar graphs in frequencies and percentages while qualitative data was analyzed and presented in themes. The investigation found that tutors’ attitudes on application of ICT integration were positive; they were enthusiastic of the new technology. Though the tutors had positive attitude they did not integrate, they failed to utilize ICT integration in the teaching of Kiswahili thus it was not a practice the PTCs. The researcher recommends that, KICD to organize in-service trainings (INSETs) for all the tutors in PTCs on ICT integration in the teaching of Kiswahili. ICT integration in teaching Kiswahili should be mandatory and tutors who integrate should be motivated. Index Terms—Application, Attitudes, Integration, Kiswahili, Teaching

This chapter describes findings from a longitudinal cohort of orphaned and separated children and adolescents in western Kenya, comparing those living in extended family households (HHs), institutional settings (Charitable Children's Institutions, CCIs), and on the street (street children, SC). The present analysis is from 1158 orphaned and separated adolescents aged 10–18 years at baseline. The ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children at Home (ICAST-CH) was used to ascertain child abuse and neglect. At baseline, 43{%} of participants reported having ever experienced any abuse: 31{%} emotional, 38{%} physical, and 15{%} sexual. After 2 years of follow-up, 44{%} of participants reported new abuse, 30{%} emotional (26–28{%} in CCIs and HHs, 71{%} among SC), 38{%} physical (33–37{%} in CCIs and HHs, 81{%} among SC), and 15{%} sexual (11{%} in CCIs, 15{%} in HHs, and 40{%} among SC). Overall, 40–44{%} of participants in CCIs and HHs, and 82{%} of SC, reported experiencing any new abuse during the follow-up period. After adjusting for age, sex, orphan status, and length of time in the household and clustering at the household or institutional level, we found no difference in the prevalence or incidence of abuse comparing participants in CCIs and those in HHs, but SC were 4.7 times more likely than participants in HHs to experience abuse, both at baseline and follow-up. These data suggest unacceptably high levels of child abuse occurring among orphaned and separated children and adolescents living in CCIs and HHs, with the highest levels of child abuse occurring among street-connected children and youth.