Publications

Street-connected young people carry a disproportionate burden of morbidities, and engage in a variety of practices that may heighten their risk of premature mortality, yet there are currently no reports in the literature on the rates or risk factors for mortality among them, nor on their causes of death. In low- and middle-income countries they are frequently in situations that violate their human rights, likely contributing to their increased burden of morbidities and vulnerability to mortality. We thus sought to describe the number of deaths annually, causes of death, and determine the number of deaths attributable to HIV among street-connected young people aged 0 to 30 years in Eldoret, Kenya.

Jamii ina mikakati mbalimbali ambayo hutumika wakati wa mazungumzo. Mikakati hiyo ni ya upole na ina kanuni kadhaa kuhusu namna ya kuwasiliana. Upole ni utambuzi ambao mtu humwonyesha mwingine kwa kuzingatia au kuepuka kaida au desturi fulani za mazungumzo. Ni hali ya kuonyesha heshima kwa washiriki wengine katika mazungumzo. Mikakati ya upole ni mbinu wanazobuni na kuzingatia wahusika wa mazungumzo ili ‘kuokoa nyuso’ zao. Makala haya yalinuia kuchanganua changamoto zinazosawiriwa na wahusika wa mazungumzo ya Sobetab Kapchi (Maisha ya Jamii) wakati wa utekelezaji wa kanuni za upole. Uchunguzi uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Upole, hasa mhimili wa ‘kuokoa uso’, kama ilivyopendekezwa na Brown na Levinson. Sampuli iliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa kunasa vipindi vinne vya Sobetab Kapchi (SK) ili kupata data za uchanganuzi. Mwisho, hoja zinazohusiana na upole zilinakiliwa na kuwekwa kwenye makundi manne ya mikakati ya upole ili kuchanganuliwa. Makundi hayo ni ya mkakati wa kuwa kwenye rekodi, mkakati wa upole chanya, mkakati wa upole hasi na mkakati wa kuwa nje ya rekodi. Uchanganuzi wa data ulifanywa kimaelezo kwa kutumia mazungumzo ya washiriki kama mifano halisi. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kuwa wahusika wa mazungumzo ya SK hukumbana na changamoto nyingi wanapotekeleza mikakati ya upole wakati wa mazungumzo.

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a critical component of HIV prevention. VMMC policies have achieved initial targets in adult men yet continue to fall short in reaching younger men and adolescents.