Publications

Makala hii inahakiki kiulinganishi mbinu za lugha kama zilivyotumika katika tamthilia zilizotafsiriwa za Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Serikali (MMS) (Mwakasaka, 1979) na Mkaguzi wa Serikali (MS) (Madumulla, 1999). Mbinu zilizorejelewa ni kama vile chuku, uzungumzi nafsia, kejeli, matumizi ya barua, kinaya, matumizi ya ndoto, kuchanganya ndimi, misemo na nahau. Nadharia ya Uamilifu katika Tafsiri; Mtazamo wa Kuhakiki Matini ilivyopendekezwa na Reiss (1977) iliongoza utafiti huu. Mtazamo huu wa Kuhakiki una mihimili miwili iliyokuwa msingi wa kutekeleza kazi hii, nazo ni; utambuzi wa kuhakikisha kuwa, kuna utoshelevu wa kimaana, kisarufi na kimtindo katika lugha lengwa kwa minajili ya kuuwasilisha ujumbe kwa wasomaji wake na kaida za matumizi ya lugha na uelewa ya kwamba kwa ajili ya mawasiliano, maana ya neno hurejelewa kwa kuhusishwa na maneno mengine yanayohusiana na mada au muktadha wa diskosi inayozungumziwa. Tamthilia za Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Serikali na Mkaguzi wa Serikali ziliteuliwa kimaksudi. Katika utafiti mwandishi anarejelea maonyesho yote yanayopatikana katika matini pokezi zilizoteuliwa. Ukusanyaji wa data ya makala hii ulifanywa kwa kuzisoma kihakikifu matini zilizoteuliwa, kisha kuchanganua kiulinganishi mbinu za lugha katika kila kitabu. Ilibainika kwamba, kuna tofauti katika matumizi ya mbinu za lugha katika tafsiri ya vitabu; Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Serikali na Mkaguzi wa Serikali hata kama watafsiri wanashughulikia matini asilia moja. Uwasilishaji wa data ulifanywa kiufafanuzi na matokeo ya uchunguzi huu yatachangia marejeleo yanayohusu tafsiri linganishi.

The right to access essential medicines and medical technologies is crucial to attain the highest-quality health care for all citizens of the world. Unfortunately, in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) around the world, patients’ ability to access quality essential medicines still remains a critical challenge. Barriers that impact the quality of essential medicines from chronic communicable and chronic non-communicable diseases lie within three specific areas (3A’s): availability, accountability, and adherence. First, unnecessarily complex supply chain management, poor operational procedures, and inadequate financing for health lead to low availability of medicines. Second, corruption contributes to falsified and substandard medicines and low accountability of the supply chain to the patients who rely on it. Lastly, poor patient adherence to medicines is affected by low health literacy, lack of communication between providers and patients, and social stigma of diseases. Based on our on-the-ground experiences working in western Kenya, we propose solutions that target each of these challenges to improve access and quality of medicines. Through this chapter, we hope to compel chemists to apply and focus their efforts to create transformative chemical techniques with the potential to significantly improve quality of medicines, to improve patient outcomes, and to alter the delivery of care to patients all over the world.