@article {Atwoli2016,
	title = {{Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with unexpected death of a loved one: Cross-national findings from the world mental health surveys Jose Posada-Villa 24 Margreet ten Have}},
	journal = {Depress Anxiety},
	volume = {00},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1{\textendash}12},
	abstract = {Background: Unexpected death of a loved one (UD) is the most commonly reported traumatic experience in cross-national surveys. However, much remains to be learned about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after this experience. The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey ini-tiative provides a unique opportunity to address these issues. Methods: Data from 19 WMH surveys (n = 78,023; 70.1{\%} weighted response rate) were collated. Potential predictors of PTSD (respondent sociodemographics, characteristics of the death, history of prior trauma exposure, history of prior mental disorders) after a representative sample of UDs were examined using logistic regression. Simulation was used to estimate overall model strength in targeting individuals at highest PTSD risk. Results: PTSD prevalence after UD averaged 5.2{\%} across surveys and did not differ signifi-cantly between high-income and low-middle income countries. Significant multivariate predictors included the deceased being a spouse or child, the respondent being female and believing they could have done something to prevent the death, prior trauma exposure, and history of prior men-tal disorders. The final model was strongly predictive of PTSD, with the 5{\%} of respondents having highest estimated risk including 30.6{\%} of all cases of PTSD. Positive predictive value (i.e., the pro-portion of high-risk individuals who actually developed PTSD) among the 5{\%} of respondents with highest predicted risk was 25.3{\%}. Conclusions: The high prevalence and meaningful risk of PTSD make UD a major public health issue. This study provides novel insights into predictors of PTSD after this experience and sug-gests that screening assessments might be useful in identifying high-risk individuals for preventive interventions.},
	keywords = {epidemiology, International, K E Y W O R D S cross-national, life events/stress, PTSD, trauma},
	doi = {10.1002/da.22579},
	author = {Atwoli, Lukoye and Stein, Dan J and King, Andrew and Petukhova, Maria and Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio and Alonso, Jordi and Bromet, Evelyn J and {De Girolamo}, Giovanni and Demyttenaere, Koen and Florescu, Silvia and Haro, Josep Maria and Karam, Elie G. and Kawakami, Norito and Lee, Sing and Lepine, Jean-Pierre and Navarro-Mateu, Fernando and Neill, Siobhan O {\textquoteright} and Pennell, Beth-Ellen and Piazza, Marina and Sampson, Nancy A and Zaslavsky, Alan M and Kessler, Ronald C.}
}
